Varnish代替Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案


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链接:http://www.dbasky.net/archives/2009/03/varnishsquid.html
安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://www.dbasky.net/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.1.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.1"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "www.dbasky.net") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}
    这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.1.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.1.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为www.dbasky.net的请求进行处理,非www.dbasky.net域名的请求则返回"Zhang Yan Cache Server";
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。
5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容:
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000

再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat  -n /data/vcache
    2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool
    3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://www.dbasky.net/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
   (2)、例:清除类似http://www.dbasky.net/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
   (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
   4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
<?php   
function purge($ip, $url)   
{   
    $errstr = '';   
    $errno = '';   
    $fp = fsockopen ($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 2);   
    if (!$fp)   
    {   
         return false;   
    }   
    else  
    {   
        $out = "PURGE $url HTTP/1.1\r\n";   
        $out .= "Host:www.dbasky.net\r\n";   
        $out .= "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";   
        fputs ($fp, $out);   
        $out = fgets($fp , 4096);   
        fclose ($fp);   
        return true;   
    }   
}   
 
purge("192.168.1.4", "/index.php");  
?> 
<?php
function purge($ip, $url)
{
    $errstr = '';
    $errno = '';
    $fp = fsockopen ($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 2);
    if (!$fp)
    {
         return false;
    }
    else
    {
        $out = "PURGE $url HTTP/1.1\r\n";
        $out .= "Host:www.dbasky.net\r\n";
        $out .= "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";
        fputs ($fp, $out);
        $out = fgets($fp , 4096);
        fclose ($fp);
        return true;
    }
}

purge("192.168.1.4", "/index.php");
?>
    附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/
    附2:我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh

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